2024年初中英語語法—— 定語從句講解加練習(xí)

定語從句作為初中英語的難點(diǎn)，在語篇閱讀中對(duì)定語從句的考查必不可少。因此掌握定語從句的簡(jiǎn)單用法是非常有必要的。

在做此類試題時(shí)，首先確定先行詞是指物還是指人，指人就從that, who, whose, whom中選擇;指物就從that, which中選擇。然后再根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的成分來確定到底應(yīng)該用哪一個(gè)關(guān)系詞。

1定語從句概述

在復(fù)合句中作定語的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的是關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whose,whom和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分。

關(guān)系詞	作用	先行詞	例句
that,who, whom(只作 賓語)	主語、賓 語、表語	人	Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在樹下的那個(gè)老人嗎?
that,which	主語、賓 語、表語	物	She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一臺(tái)電腦,這臺(tái)電腦是她父母買給她的。
whose	定語	人/物	The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.這個(gè)男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常刻苦,他爸爸是位醫(yī)生。 The room whose window is open is mine.開著窗戶的那個(gè)房間是我的。
when	狀語	時(shí)間	I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然記得你前往北京的那一天。
where	狀語	地點(diǎn)	This is the school where my mother works.這就是我媽媽工作的那所學(xué)校。
why	狀語	原因	Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎?

2關(guān)系代詞的用法

一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;which指物,在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;who在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;whom在從句中作賓語;whose在從句中作定語。

A doctor isa person who looks after a patient.

先行詞 主語　 謂語　　賓語

句意:醫(yī)生就是照顧病人的人。

1.下列情況下,先行詞指物時(shí),只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo):

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代詞時(shí)。

Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?

Tom told his mother all that had happened.湯姆把發(fā)生的一切都告訴了他的媽媽。

(2)當(dāng)先行詞前面有the only,the very,the last等修飾時(shí)。

This is the only book that I can find.這是我能找到的唯一的一本書。

(3)當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。

This is the best book that I have ever read.這是我讀過的最好的書。

(4)當(dāng)主句是以特殊疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。

Which is the hotel that you like best?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅館?

2.關(guān)系代詞的省略

一般情況下,關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略,但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí),不能省略。

I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我加入俱樂部的那一天。

注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語時(shí),不能省略。

Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個(gè)男孩是誰?

3關(guān)系副詞的用法

This isthe factory where my father works.

先行詞 地點(diǎn)狀語 主語 謂語

句意:這就是我爸爸工作的那個(gè)工廠。

1.when表示時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。

I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。

2.why表示原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,其先行詞是表示原因的reason一詞。

We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我們不知道他為什么上學(xué)遲到。

3.where表示地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

That is the school where I studied three years ago.那就是我三年前就讀的學(xué)校。

4定語從句解題技巧

Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people.

主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program

從句：which is popular among the young people

先行詞：TV program

關(guān)系代詞：which

因此,如果確定是考查定語從句,我們就可以排除不是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的選項(xiàng)，如：what。

在此過程中要掌握“三看”原則。

(1)一看指人還是物

先行詞指人：that,who, whose, whom

先行詞指物：that, which, whose

(2)二看句中作何用

主語 who(人), which(物), that(人/物)

賓語 who/whom(人), which(物), that(人/物)

定語 whose(人/物)

狀語 where(地點(diǎn)), when(時(shí)間), why(原因)

如：My brother likes the stories ______ were written by Mark Twain because they are often humorous. 先行詞(the stories)指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,可用關(guān)系代詞which/that。

如：He is the boy ______ I talked with just now. 先行詞(the boy)指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語,可用關(guān)系代詞whom/who/that/不填。

如：What‘s the name of the girl ______ father is a doctor?先行詞(the girl)指人,關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語,可用關(guān)系代詞whose。

如：I still remember the day ________ our new school was built. 從句中不缺成分,先行詞(the day)指時(shí)間,關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,可用關(guān)系副詞when。

(3)看是否是特殊情況：

關(guān)系詞只能用

①當(dāng)先行詞是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。如：

Tom told his mother all that had happened. 湯姆把全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。

②當(dāng)先行詞前面有the only, the very, the last等修飾時(shí)。如：

This is the only book that I can find. 這就是我能找到的唯一一本書。

③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。如：

The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shanghai. 為我們足球隊(duì)踢足球的那個(gè)最高的運(yùn)動(dòng)員來自上海。

④當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：

Let’s talk about the people and the things that we can remember. 讓我們談?wù)撐覀兡軌蛴浧鸬娜撕褪隆?/p>

關(guān)系詞只能用

①關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后。如：

This is the factory in which we once worked. 這就是我們?cè)��?jīng)工作過的工廠。

②非限制性定語從句中。如：

This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun. 這是魯迅寫的一本有名的書。

③that， those作主語時(shí)。如：

Those which are on the desk are English books. 桌子上的那些是英語書。

用

①當(dāng)先行詞為people和those時(shí)，只能用who。如：

Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那兒的人請(qǐng)來這邊。

②當(dāng)先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)時(shí)，只能用who。如：

Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反對(duì)我們的人就是我們的敵人。

③先行詞指人，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，一般多用who。如：

The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天來這兒的那個(gè)人說過幾天他會(huì)再來。

練一練：

1. —What shall we do next?

—Take the advice________ is given by Dr. Bloch.

A. whoB. whichC. whose

【答案】B

【解析】先行詞advice，指物體，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which.

2.. Mr. Smith _______ is smoking is looking for______he lost yesterday.

A. whom; which B. who; what

C. that; who D. which; where

【答案】B

【解析】先行詞Mr. Smith指人，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who; 在尋找他昨天丟失的物體，從選項(xiàng)來看，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用what.

3.. Steve Jobs is one of the personsfounded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (時(shí)代).

A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /

【答案】A

【解析】從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看先行詞Steve Jobs，指人，且作主語。關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who.

4.. ---Do you know the girl ______ is talking to the headmaster over there?

---Of course. She is my sister.

A. whoB. whomC. whichD. what

【答案】A

【解析】選A。考查考查定語從句。先行詞是the girl，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。

5.Foshanis acity has averylonghistory.

AwhoseB. whichC. who

【答案】B

【解析】先行詞是Foshan，是地方，引導(dǎo)詞用which.

6. The Palace Museum is the best place ______ I’ve ever visited.

A. whoB. whenC. that

【答案】

【解析】選C。考查定語從句。先行詞是The Palace Museum，指物，且在定語從句中做visited的賓語，因此選C。

7.--- Do you know the girl_____ is helping the old woman.

-Oh, that's my sister,

A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. where

【答案】

【解析】選C。考查定語從句。先行詞是the girl，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。

8. —Do you know the lady ______is talking with Mr. Smith?

—Yes, she’s our new chemistry teacher, Miss Brown.

A. whoB. whichC. whom

【答案】A

【解析】選A。先行詞是the lady，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who。

9. I was looking for the pen _____ I bought yesterday when you called me.

A. whoB. whereC. whichD. what

【答案】C

【解析】選C。考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。前置語為the pen名詞，用which代替。what不能作定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

10. Please pass me the cartoon book ______ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.

A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. which

【答案】D

【解析】選D。考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。前置語為the carton book,名詞，用which代替。

11. I like the friends _____ to do the same things as me so that we can communicate better with each other.

A. who likesB. what likeC. who like

【答案】 C

【解析】選C。先行詞是the friends，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞who, 由于friends是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。

12. There will be a flower show in the park____we visited last week.

A. whoB. whenC. whatD. which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的現(xiàn)行詞the park是“物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莢isited的賓語，因此用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)，故選D.

13. Most studentslike the teachersunderstand them well

A. whoB. whenC. whatD. which

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的現(xiàn)行詞the teachers是“人”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z，因此用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)，故選A.

14.. Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teachergave her love to her students in danger.

A. whoB. thatC. whomD. which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的現(xiàn)行詞the most beautiful teacher是“人”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z，因此用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)先行詞受到形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，只能用that來引導(dǎo)，故選B.

15.. The English-Chinese dictionarymy father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.

A. whoseB. whenC. whoD. that

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的現(xiàn)行詞dictionary是“物”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖琴e語，因此用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)，故選D.

16. “What do you think of the school uniforms?” “Very good. I like clothes ______ make me feel comfortable.”

A. thatB. whatC. who

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞clothes是“物”，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)句意：你覺得校服怎么樣呀?很好，我喜歡讓我穿著舒服的衣服。故選A.

17. —What are you looking for?

—I'm looking for the ring ______my husband bought me last year.

A. thatB. whoC. whomD. it

【答案】A

【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞是“the ring”表示“物”，故定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，故選A。

18.. Robert is just one young overseas Chinese ________ has come to visit his ancestor's homeland.

A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which

【答案】A

【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句修飾的先行詞“one young overseas Chinese”表示的是“一個(gè)年輕的海外華人”，所以定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用that或who，故選A.

19. — What are you looking for?

— I'm looking for the pen________ my father gave me last week.

A. whoB. whichC. whoseD. whom

【答案】B

【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞是“the pen”表示“物”，故引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，故選B。

20.—What kind of movies do you like?

—I like the move ______ are about Chinese history.

A. whoB. whomC. whoseD which

【答案】D

【解析】此題考查引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞是“the move”表示“物”，故引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，故選D。

21. People often like clothes______can make them look young.

A.whenB.whoC.that

【答案】

【解析】考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。定語從句的先行詞clothes是“物”，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選C。

22. I can never forget the stories________ my grandma told me.

A. what B. who C. them D. that

【答案】

D

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞the stories是“物”，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D。

23. The little boy was wrapping the present _____ would be sent to his teacher.

A. whoB. /C. whatD. that

【答案】D

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞the present是“物”，在定語

從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D。

24. —There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?

—The one ______hat is yellow.

A. whoB. whoseC. thatD. which

【答案】B

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞是the one/girl，在定語從句中充當(dāng)hat的定語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用whose引導(dǎo)，故選B.

25. This is the primary school ______ I studied three years ago.

A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which

【答案】A

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞theprimary school, 在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖堑攸c(diǎn)狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),故選A.

26. It’s interesting that there are many peoplespeak French in Canada.

A. whichB. whereC. who

【答案】C

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞many people是“人”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用who或that引導(dǎo)，故選C.

27.. Please pass me the cartoon book _________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.

A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. which

【答案】D

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞the cartoon book是“物”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D.

28. —I want to find a partner to practice roller skating.

—My friend Fred is a personmay help you a lot.

A. whichB. soC. whoD. and

【答案】

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞a person是“人”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用who或that引導(dǎo)，故選C.

29.. —Now many people smoke and get ill.

—So we should do something ______ can help stop smoking.

A. whatB. whoC. /D. that

【答案】D

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞something是不定代詞，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，故選D

30.I still remember the time _____we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.

A. whenB. whatC. whoD. which

【答案】D

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞the time是“物”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，所以，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which或that引導(dǎo)，故選D.

31. One of the most delicious drinks _____ I like is orange juice.

A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. whom

【答案】

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞是drinks，受到形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，只能用that引導(dǎo)，故選B.

32. Success will belong to those ________never say "impossible".

A. whomB. whatC. whoD. which

【答案】

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞those表示的是“人”，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖侵髡Z，所以用引導(dǎo)詞who引導(dǎo)，故選C.

33. —Do you enjoyMy heart will go on?

—No, I prefer songsloud.

A. that isB. which isC. that areD. what are

【答案】C

【解析】此題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。定語從句的先行詞songs表示的是“物”，所以用引導(dǎo)詞which或that引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)表示的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，系動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用are, 故選C.

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