來源:網絡資源 2023-07-08 21:59:03
概念引入
英國前首相撒切爾夫人(Margaret Thatcher)曾用if條件句對男人和女人進行評價:
In politics, if you want someone to make a speech, ask a man; if you want something done, ask a woman. 在政治領域,如果你想要有人發表演說,那就找男士去;而如果你想真正把事情解決,那就找女士。
用法講解
一、概念
連詞if的意思是“如果”,它引導的句子表示某事發生所需要的條件,即“在……條件下某事才能發生”,在句子中充當狀語,因此我們稱之為條件狀語從句。在復合句中連詞if引導的句子為從句,被修飾的句子為主句。從句可以放在主句后,也可以放在主句前,從句放在主句前時,應用逗號將它與主句隔開。例如:
We’ll go to the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. = If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall. 如果明天不下雨,我們就去長城。
二、用法
1. 條件狀語從句通常由連詞if引導,意為“如果,假如”,主句不能用be going to 表示將來,而應該用shall或will。例如:
If I’m free tomorrow, I’ll go with you. 如果我明天有空,我將會和你一起去。
2. if引導的條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,從句則用一般現在時,即“主將從現”。例如:
If it is sunny tomorrow, I’ll climb the hill. 如果明天天氣晴朗,我將去爬山。
3. 正確區分if引導的條件狀語從句和if引導的賓語從句。
在條件狀語從句中,if表示“如果”;而在賓語從句中,if表示“是否”。可以用下面的方法區分:
1) 從句前置法:if引導的條件狀語從句,可以放在主句之前并用逗號隔開,也可放在主句之后;而if引導的賓語從句只能放在主句之后。因此如果把if放在主句之前,句子通順,意義不變,則是條件從句,否則是賓語從句。例如:
He will help you if you ask him. = If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你問他,他會幫助你。
2) whether替換法:if引導賓語從句時,其意為“是否”,通常可用whether替換,意義不變,而if引導條件狀語從句時不能用whether替換。因此,可用whether替換的是賓語從句,不能替換的是條件從句。例如:
I want to know if you will go tomorrow. = I want to know whether you will go tomorrow.
我想知道你明天是否去。
注意:區分if的用法有著極為重要的意義,因為在條件狀語從句中,主句用將來時,從句用一般現在時;而在賓語從句中,當主句是一般現在時,從句可用所需的任何時態,主句是一般過去時,從句用過去的某種時態。
鞏固練習
一、單項選擇
1. If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time.
A. will go
B. went
C. go
D. going
2. I ______ her the answer if she _____ me.
A. can tell, will ask
B. will tell, will ask
C. would tell, ask
D. will tell, asks
3. — What are you going to do tomorrow?
— We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ______.
A. isn’t rain
B. rain
C. won’t rain
D. doesn’t rain
4. — Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?
— Sorry, I don’t know. When he ______ back, I’ll tell you.
A. comes
B. will come
C. come
D. may come
5. I’ll give the book to him if he ____________ here next Sunday.
A. will come
B. comes
C. is coming
D. came
6. There ____________ an English film in our school tomorrow.
A. is going to have
B. will have
C. is going to be
D. has
7. I’ll wake you up when he ____________back.
A. will
B. is going to come
C. comes
D. come
8. The football match will be put off if it ________.
A. will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
9. There ________ a basketball game this afternoon.
A. is going to have
B. will be
C. is going to play
D. will play
10. I won’t go if it ________ tomorrow.
A.rain
B.is raining
C.rains
D.will rain
二、用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. If you ________(feel) tired, you _________ (have) to have a rest.
2. Where ________ he ________ (see) the film if he _________(have) time?
3. If there ________ (be) fewer trees, there ________ (be) more pollution.
4. He ________ (dress) more casually if he ________ (not work) on weekends.
5. If Marcia ________ (live) alone, she ________ (keep) a pet parrot.
6. Lana ________ (buy) a new dress if the old one ________ (be) out of style.
7. The twins ________ (fight) if they________ (argue).
8. I ________ (have) a bake sale if I ________ (need) money for education.
9. Peter ________ (send) me a beautiful souvenir if he ________ (go) to Spain.
10. If Mr. Green ________ (say) I am hard- working, my parents ________ (feel) glad.
11. I ________ (go) to the beach if it ________ (not rain) this week.
12. ________they ________ (have) a match if the P.E. teacher________ (be) not busy?
13. He ________ (write) a letter to his grandparents if he ________ (get) his report card this week.
14. If she ________ (get) up late, she ________ (not catch) the early bus.
15. Peter ________ (major) in English if he ________ (pass) the exams in Peking University.
三、完成句子
1.如果他遲到了,會發生什么事情?
What _______ ________ if he _______ late?
2. 如果努力學習,你就會取得好成績。
If you_______ _______, you _______ _______ good _______.
3. 他如果看電視太久了,他的父母會不高興。
If he _______ TV too much, his parents _______ _______ unhappy.
4. 如果我們為他舉辦生日聚會,大家都會來的。
Everyone _______ _______ if we _______a birthday party _______ him.
5. 如果明天不下雨,我會和你一起去公園的。
If it _______ _______ tomorrow, I _______ go to the park _______ you.
6. 如果她睡過頭了,就會誤了開會的。
She _______ _______ _______ _______ the meeting if she _______ _______.
7. 如果他有空,他會幫助你的。
If he _______ _______, he _______ _______ you.
8. 如果Tom考試不及格,他就沒有機會上高中了。
Tom _______ miss the chance to go to the high school if he _______ the exams.
9. 你如果抄同學的作業就不能學好各門功課。
You _______ _______ good at all the subjects if you _______ the other students’ homework.
參考答案
一、單項選擇。
1. C。本題是if引導的條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時,即“主將從現”,所以答案為C。
2. D。根據句意“如果她問我,我就告訴她答案。”可知本句是if引導的條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時,從句的主語為單三,動詞后加-s,所以答案為D。
3. D。條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時,rain在此是實義動詞“下雨”的意思,故答案為D。
4. A。根據“主將從現”可知本句答案為A。此題是when引導的時間狀語從句。
5. B。根據“主將從現”可知答案為B。
6. C。be going to do,will do都可以表示將來的動作,但只有選項C符合There be句型要求。
7. C。根據“主將從現”可知答案為C。
8. B。根據“主將從現”可知答案為B。
9. B。本題考查there be句型的一般將來時,there will be,故答案為B。
10. C。根據“主將從現”可知答案為C。
二、用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. feel; will have
2. will; see; has
3. are; will be
4. will dress; doesn’t work
5. lives; will keep
6. will buy; is
7. will fight; argue
8. will have; need
9. will send; goes
10. says; will feel
11. will go; doesn’t rain
12. Will; have; is
13. will write; gets
14. gets; won’t catch
15. will major; passes
三、完成句子
1. will happen; is
2. study hard; will get; grades
3. watches; will be
4. will come; have; for
5. doesn’t rain; will; with
6. will be late for; sleeps late
7. has time; will help
8. will; fails 9. won’t be; copy
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