來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-07-08 19:12:08
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。它的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞后。
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有三種作用:
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1.關(guān)系代詞
This is the person who once helped me. 這就是曾經(jīng)幫助過我的那個(gè)人。
(2)whom 指人(在口語中可用who代替),在定語從句中作賓語。如:
(3)whose指人或物,在定語從句中作定語。如:
(4)which 指物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。(作賓語時(shí)可省略)
(5)that指物或人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,如:
(6) 關(guān)系代詞as
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2.關(guān)系副詞
(2)where指地點(diǎn),在賓語從句中作狀語,其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)的名詞(place,room,house等)。如:
(3)why指原因,在定語從句中作狀語,其先行詞是表示原因的名詞(reason)。
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三、巧選關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞
2. 定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是及物動(dòng)詞且缺少賓語時(shí),就要選用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞 which/that/who/whom。如:
3.定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,用關(guān)系的副詞when,where,why。
四、巧記that與who(whom)的異同
2. 不同點(diǎn):
五、巧記that 和which的用法異同
2. 不同點(diǎn):
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(2)下列情況用which而不用that:
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專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
1.Amagneticfieldmayberepresentedin______manner______anelectricfield.A. such …asB.thesame…asC.such…that D.thesame…which
2.We’veallheardofThomasEdison,______inventedtheelectriclightandmanyotherthings.A.themanwhoB.thatC.whichD.amanwho3.Hetalkedabouttheclassmatesandtheschool____hehadvisited.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.aboutwhich
4.Youhaveseenthegirl____sisterisaChineseteacher.A.whomB.ofwhomC.whoseD.ofwhich
5.Weshoulddoall____isusefultopeople.A./B.thatC.itD.which
6.Wecametoaplace____theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.towhich
7.Those____finisheddoingitputupyourhands.A.whohaveB.whohasC.whichhaveD.have
8.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto
9.Iwenttotheschool____myfatheronceworked.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.onwhich
10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears________Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who
1.B such ...as結(jié)構(gòu), 或 the same ....as結(jié)構(gòu),such as 強(qiáng)調(diào)事物,the same as強(qiáng)調(diào)相似性。
2.A非限定性定語從句先行語,Thomas Edison, 放入從句為Thomas Edison invented the electric light and many other things, 先行詞在從句中作主語,先行詞指人,只能用who。限定性定語從句,先行詞為the man或a man, 放入從句時(shí)在從句中也作主語,先行詞指人在從句中作主語,引導(dǎo)詞可以用who/that. the man特指,強(qiáng)調(diào)只有他一個(gè)人,a man泛指,側(cè)重于表示他只是其中之一。
3.B先行詞為the classmates and the school,從句為he had visited, 二者構(gòu)成的完整句為He had visited the classmates and the school. 所以不難發(fā)現(xiàn)先行詞在限定性定語從句中作visited的賓語使用,先行詞既指人又指物。因此,答案為B
4.C此句先行詞為the girl,定語從句為sister is a Chinese teacher,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為The girl's sister is a Chinese teacher. 先行詞的's所有格構(gòu)成的所屬關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作定語。
5.B此句中先行詞all為不定代詞,從句為isusefultopeople,從句缺主語,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為Allisusefultopeople.為了便于理解,All=Allthethings/everything.所以從句的完整句還可以寫成Everythingisusefultopeople;或Allthethingsareusefultopeople.
6.D考查定語從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。此句先行詞為a place, 從句為they had never paid a visit before, 二者構(gòu)成的完整句為They had never paid a visit to the place before.
7.A此句中,those為定語從句的先行詞,相當(dāng)于those students/clerks, finished diong it為定語從句成分,從句缺主語以及謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。主語指人,用一般引導(dǎo)詞who, 引導(dǎo)詞數(shù)量與先行詞一致為復(fù)數(shù)。
8.A此句中先行詞在從句中作介詞賓語,先行詞相同意思用引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng),先行詞指人。
9.C此句先行詞the school, 定語從句my father once worked,二者構(gòu)成的完整句o為My father once worked in the school. in the school可以用固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞中的地點(diǎn)關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞where表示, 也可以用隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞in which表示。
10.B前一定語從句的完整句為I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行詞在從句中作非主賓表成分,先行詞與時(shí)間相關(guān)。后一定語從句的完整句轉(zhuǎn)為The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those years。
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