來源:網絡資源 2023-07-07 17:26:44
考向一 形容詞、副詞的基本用法
1.形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結果,并不表達動作的方式。
After the long journey,the three of them went back home,hungry and tired.
經過長時間旅行后,他們三個回到家,又餓又累。
2.有些副詞還可以作連詞,作副詞時常放在句末
如:though,(ever)since,in case等
He is old. He works hard,though.
=Though he is old,he works hard.
雖然他年事已高,但他工作還是很努力。
3.有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句,作評注性狀語。
如:obviously,naturally,surprisingly等
Fortunately,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸運的是,他沒被淹死,被解放軍給救了。
Happily for her,her stepmother was kind to her.
高興的是,她的繼母對她很好。
4.can not/never 與enough 或too連用表示:無論怎樣都不過分;越……越好。
—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden,a car cut in and knocked me down.
——我正在大街上獨自一人騎自行車,突然一輛小汽車強行超車把我撞倒了。
—You can never be too careful in the street.
— —在大街上你越小心越好。
1. ________,she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful
C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic
【解析】句意:她無憂無慮、積極樂觀,是那種用微笑給別人帶來快樂的人。本題考查形容詞作伴隨狀語。shy and cautious 害羞的、小心的;sensitive and thoughtful 敏感的、多思的;honest and confident 誠實的、自信的。
【答案】 D
2.Jim went to answer the phone.________,Harry started to prepare lunch.
A. However B. Nevertheless
C. Besides D. Meanwhile
【解析】句意:Jim 去接電話了。與此同時,Harry 開始做午飯。本題考查副詞用法。A.然而;B.雖然如此;C.除此之外;D.與此同時。根據前后句邏輯關系,應選擇表示并列關系的D。
【答案】 D
3.We only had $100 and that was________to buy a new computer.
A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough
【解析】 句意:我們只有100美元,離買臺新電腦的錢還差得遠呢。本題考查修飾詞順序。not anywhere near
或nowhere near:far from,not at all遠非,絕不是,為固定短語。
【答案】 A
4.When it was his turn to deliver his speech,________,he walked towards the microphone.
A. nervously and embarrassingly B. nervous and embarrassedly
C. nervously and embarrassing D. nervous and embarrassed
【解析】該題考查形容詞作狀語。形容詞一般作定語,但也可作狀語。如:He lay in bed,awake.再如:Her husband came back,drunk.
【答案】D
考向二 形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級
1."as+形容詞+(a/an)+名詞+as"表示同級比較,注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時各自所在的位置。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人們普遍認為,教學是一門科學,同時也是一門藝術。
2."as+形容詞/副詞的原級+as"與"not as/so+形容詞/副詞的原級+as"表示同級比較,即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質上或程度上相同(不同)。
The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
這項工作不是像你想像的那么難。
3."the+比較級+of the two +名詞"表示"兩者中較……的那個"。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
兩個男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。
4.a+形容詞比較級+n.……
After two years’research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.
研究兩年之后,現在我們對這種病有更好的理解。
We went to the USA in search of a better life.
為了尋找更美好的生活我們去了美國。
5.比較級的修飾語常見的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑問句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。
The students study even harder than before.
學生們學習比以前更努力了。
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
汽車比自行車跑得快得多。
6.最高級
(1)最高級的修飾語常見的有:序數詞,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當中最長的橋。
I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想買僅次于最貴的照相機。
(2)否定詞+比較級=最高級。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛是最偉大的愛。
—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?
——你對他在會議上說的滿意嗎?
—No.It couldn’t have been worse.
——不,不能再差了。
1.(2019·新課標I卷·語法填空)Scientists have responded by __noting__(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are ___68___(high) than they actually are.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容詞的比較級。根據其后than they actually are可知,此處為形容詞的比較級,故填higher。
2.(2017·新課標III卷·語法填空)He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高級。根據后面的of all可知,他聲音最大,所以用最高級loudest。
3.(2017·江蘇卷·任務型閱讀)The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71)______ than it was in the 20th.
【答案】lower
【解析】根據"declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st"可知,21世紀的出生率比20世紀低,且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修飾比較級,故填lower。
4.(2017·新課標I卷·語法填空)As 65(a) result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
【答案】worse
【解析】考查比較級。句意:更糟糕的是,人們所吃快餐的數量增加了。故填worse。
5. Believe it or not,swimming is________as any to lose unwanted weight.
A. a way as good B.as a good way
C. as a way good D.as good a way
【解析】 考查固定短語。as...as表示"和……一樣",固定表達方式有"as+adj./adv.+as""as+adj.+a/an+n.+as"等。
【答案】 D
6. —Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success?
—Yes,________!It couldn’t be ________.
A. relatively;better B. approximately;worse
C. absolutely;better D. fortunately;worse
【解析】本題考查副詞和形容詞在語境中的運用。relatively 相對地,比較地;approximately 大約;absolutely 當然是,絕對正確;fortunately 幸運地。根據語境知,第十一屆全運會絕對是一個成功的盛會,沒有比它更好的了,故C項正確。
【答案】 C
【巧學妙記】
形容詞和副詞比較等級用法口訣 1. 比較級與最高級:兩者比較than相連,三者比較the在前。 2. 同級比較:同級比較用原形,as... as永不離; as... as加not,只言兩者是同一, 若是not so... as,后強前弱不看齊。 【妙語詮釋】 ①比較級通常和than連用,而最高級前通常有定冠詞the; ②同級比較一般用as... as表示"與……一樣",這時誰強誰弱不能比較出來,而not so... as則表示后者比前者強,翻譯為"不如……"。 |
【難點釋疑】
比較級表示最高級含義
1. 比較級+than any other+可數名詞單數
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中國,長江比其他任何一條河流都長。
2. 比較級+than all(the) other+可數名詞復數
China is larger than all the other Asian countries. 中國比亞洲的其他國家都大。
3. no/never/nothing...+比較級
Nothing is more valuable than time. 時間比任何東西都珍貴。
4. "否定詞+不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級+名詞"或"否定詞+副詞的比較級"表示"從未……;未曾……"
This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one. 這部電影很感人,我從沒有看過一部比它更好的。
考向三 倍數表達法
表示倍數的句型:
(1)A is+倍數+比較級+than+B
(2)A is+倍數+as+原級+as+B
(3)A is+倍數+the+名詞(size,length,height 等)+of+B
(4)A is+倍數+that+of+B
(5)A is+倍數+what 引導的名詞性從句
①This building is three times higher than that one.
This building is three times as high as that one.
This building is three times the height of that one.
這個建筑物是那個建筑物的3倍高。
②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.
=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.
今年的產量是2008年的三倍。
③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.
自從新技術被引進以后,這家工廠2008年生產的小汽車是上一年的兩倍。
1. When you study the local map,you’ll find this town is________.
A. twice the size of that one
B. twice as a large town as that
C. twice as larger as that one
D. twice as larger a town as that
【解析】句意:當你研究當地的地圖時,你會發現這座城鎮是那個的兩倍大。倍數的表達方式:A is +倍數+the+名詞(如size/length)+of B;B項中不定冠詞位置錯誤;C、D項中as后應用形容詞原級。
【答案】A
2. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s,but it cost________his.
A.as much twice as
B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as
D.as twice much as
【解析】倍數表達法是形容詞比較等級中一種很常用的比較級結構。不管用哪種比較級結構來表示比較,表示倍數的詞總是放在比較級結構的最前面。
【答案】B
3.My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours,but it is twice________expensive.
A.as B. so
C. too D. very
【解析】 考查倍數表達法。這里的倍數是"twice",由expensive這一原級可知,這里使用了"as...as..."這一比較結構,在具體的語境中,后面的一個as以及后面的成分可以承前省略,即這里expensive后面省略了as ours。
【答案】A
考向四 多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其順序為:
限定詞→數詞→描繪詞→(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) →出處→材料性質→類別→名詞
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
Tony is going camping with ___________ boys.
A.little two otherB. two little other
C.two other littleD.little other two
【解析】由"限定詞--數詞--描繪詞--(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --性質--名詞"的公式可知數詞,描繪詞,性質依次順序,只有C符合答案。
【答案】C
【巧學妙記】 多個形容詞修飾一個名詞的先后位置的口訣: 限定描繪大長高,形狀年齡和新老;顏色國籍跟材料,作用類別往后靠。 其中,"限定詞"包括:冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、或數詞,它位于各類形容詞前。它本身分為三位,即:前、中、后。前位限定詞有all、half、both、分數和倍數;中位限定詞有冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等;后位限定詞有基數詞和序數詞,但序數詞位于基數詞前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。"描繪"性形容詞如:beautiful、bad、cold、great等。"大長高"表示大小、長短、高低等一些詞。表示"形狀"的詞如:round square等。"國籍"指一個國家或地區的詞。"材料"的詞如:wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。"作用類別"的詞如:medical, college,writing desk,police car等。 |
考向五 形容詞、副詞辨析
形容詞副詞的區別及用法
1. late 和later
He is late. He is half an hour late. 他遲到了,遲到了半小時。
Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分鐘后,他來了。
2. pleased, pleasing與pleasant
(1)pleased的含義是“感到滿意,高興”,后常跟介詞at, with。例如:I'm pleased to see you here.在這兒見到你很高興。She's pleased with our programme. 她對我們的節目很滿意。(2)pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”,相當于“giving pleasure”。例如:My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的進步令人高興。The baby has a pleasing voice. 這個嬰兒的聲音很悅耳。(3)pleasant表示“快樂的,愉快的”。例如:The girl has a pleasant childhood. 這個女孩有一個快樂的童年。To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 過一個愉快的假期是我最喜歡的。
3. living, alive與live
(1)living作定語時,既可置于所修飾的名詞之前,也可置于所修飾的名詞之后,譯為"活著的,當代的"。在句中充當定語及表語。例如:
Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依賴陽光生存。
My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。
(2)alive譯為“活著的”,可以在句中作表語及定語。作定語時,位于它所修飾的名詞之后。例如:
He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。
Is that sheep dead or alive? 那頭羊是死了還是活著?
(3)alive還有“活潑的,活動的,有生機的”之意。例如:
You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起來很活躍。
(4)live表示“活著的”,做“現場直播”講時可以用作形容詞、副詞,在句子中可以作定語,表語。
The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 這個節目是現場直播的。
4. worth,worthy與worthwhile
(1)worth意為“值得的”,后接v-ing形式,構成“be worth doing”結構,也可接表示價格的名詞及錢數;
(2)worthy意為“值得的”,后接“of+名詞(或being+過去分詞)”,構成“be worthy of+名詞(或being done)”結構或“be worthy to be done”結構。
(3)be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth例如:
This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 這件上衣價值一百元。
This problem is worthy of being discussed. 這個問題值得討論。
5. too、also、either
too和also用于肯定句、疑問句,too多用于口語,also多用于書面語,either用于否定句。Too常用在句末,also常用在句中。
Are they coming too ?他們也來嗎?
She is young and beautiful, and also rich.她年輕漂亮,而且有錢。
He hasn’t finished it, either.他也還沒有做完。
6. likely與possible, probable
likely 的主語可以是it也可以是名詞或其它代詞,而possible和probable只能用it作主語。
This strange grass never seen before seems ____to be a new plant.
A. likely B. possibly
C. probably D. particularly
【解析】句意:這種從未見過的草可能是一種新植物。主語是This strange grass,可以排除B、C兩項,D項不符合句意。故選A
【答案】A
7. most 與mostly
most做形容詞或代詞,如:most students, most of us;mostly為副詞,表示大部分情況下,或成分中大部分。如:
考向六幾組難點句型詳解
句型1:
A is 倍數+the size/length/weight/height…of B.如:The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新擴建的廣場是前一個的四倍大。
句型2:
A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對于B就如C對于D。”如:Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 發動機對于機器就如心臟對于動物。
句型3:
can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough無論……都不為過,越……越…… 如:You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你無論怎么小心都不為過。
句型4:
too…to句型的兩個意義(1) 表示否定意義,意為“太……而不能”。如:This question is too hard for me to understand. 這個問題對我來說太難理解了。(2) 表示肯定意義,意為“非常,很,極”。當too后面接easy,ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容詞時,too表示“很,非常”之意,與very表達“很”的意思相同。當too前有all, but, only等詞時,形成only /but/all too…to do結構,仍舊表達“非常,很,極”之意。如:I’m too glad to hear that.我對此感到非常高興。
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