2023年初中英語閱讀理解常考題型及解題技巧

如時間、地點、人物、事件等，同時將標記的信息盡量記在腦海中。

同學們在拿到閱讀理解題時，不要急著看文章，先看給出的問題，標記問題中的重點信息，

根據問題中標記的關鍵信息，快速瀏覽全文，將閱讀的重點放在文章的段首句，轉折句和整篇文章的最后幾句，明確每段講述的主要內容，定位關鍵信息的具體位置。

每道題都要把四個選項進行對比，答案沒有對的，只有更好的。

這一步的目的在于解題，要關注問題問的是什么，問什么答什么，根據找到的精確信息為依據，選擇最匹配的答案即可。

選擇答案時需要客觀，判斷選項時所有的判斷依據都應該來自原文，不要加入自己的想法和判斷，原文說什么就是什么。

1

歸納概括題

概括短文大意，歸納中心思想或選擇短文標題，

一般來說，歸納概括題會要求主要考察學生對文章中心思想的理解和領會能力。

如果首位兩段表達的主旨一致，文章的主旨便在這兩段重復表達的內容中，找出選項中與首尾段主旨表達重復的最多的即可。

解答這類題型時要重點關注文章的首位兩段，

如果首位兩段表達的主旨思想不一致，則需要根據文章的段落結構來判斷哪一段為主旨段，尾段出現的可能性更大，再根據主旨段選擇一個最合適的即可。

標題選擇是主旨句的壓縮表達，同學們首先要注意抓住主旨句，再進行主要詞匯的提煉，把一個句子提煉為幾個關鍵詞，最后考慮最最合適的選項即可。

2021年廣州市中考真題

The top-selling album (唱片),Songs of the Humpback Whale, was made public in 1970.This collection of naturerecordings changed the way many people thought about whales,and it helped save thousands of whales’ lives.

30. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To call on people to save whales.

B. To tell how a good album was made.

C. To show that whales are bornsingers.

D. To introduce an album and its stories.

笞案：A

解祈：歸納概括題。根據文中的“This collection of naturerecordings changed the way many people thought about whales,and it helped save thousands of whales’ lives."以及后面的具體說明可知作者通過這篇文章號召人們拯救鯨魚，放選"To call on people to save whales.” 。

2

詞意猜測題

詞意猜測題一般是選取段落中的一個生詞，要求考生猜測詞義或者對其在特定段落中的意義進行猜測，需要通過聯系上下文和構詞法來做題。

解答此類題，同學們首先要熟練掌握大綱單詞，注重詞匯的拓展延伸學習，其次要聯系上下文，注意詞匯的位置，把詞放到句子中，把句子放到段落中去理解。

2021 廣州市中考真題

Some people believe that procrastination will make them.But researchers disagree.“I did a study several years ago, asking procrastinators to finish a task in a certain period of time,”says Stone. “They did worse than non-procrastinators: they made more mistakes and they tooklonger. But they thought they did better.” No matter what the cause is, procrastination is usuallynot going to be good for you...

"thrive"

39.The underlined wordin Paragraph 3 most probably means____.A.think fasterB.work more successfullyC.give up more easilyD.worry too much

答案：B解析：詞義猜測題。根據文中的"But researchers disagree ”以及后面的研究結果可知 thrive 意思應當是 work more successfully。

3

細節理解題

時間、地點、方式、過程、解決、人物之間的關系

細節理解題可直接從文章中去尋找答案，經常考察的有，詞匯句子的含義等。

細節理解題設題方式相對單一，主要是針對某些容易混淆的細節進行提問，難度較小，屬于淺層理解題目。考察的題目類型主要包括：

1)是非判斷

Which of the following statements is (Not)True?

2)特殊疑問詞提問

What/who/when/where/how/why…?

3)排序題類型

Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?

……

解答此類題目首先是要找出題目和選項中的關鍵字，一般為數字、人名或地名，再通過跳讀快速定位信息的出處，通過比對關鍵信息與選項，抉擇出答案。

細節理解題，出題者常用改動細微處，截取原文詞語或結構進行改造，因果倒置，替換觀點等來迷惑考生，在答題時要多注意句子的非主干成分如定語、狀語、補語等。

2021 年深圳中考真題

In the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu, encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty. "In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can't we? Nobody was born to be poor?" Hearing his words, the villagers decided to make a difference.

11. Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers?

A. Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work.

B. Because Yu Gong was born poor too.

C. Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong.

D. Because Yu Gong became rich at last.

笞案：A

解析：細節理解題。根據文中“In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we?”可知，張貴順用愚公的故事來激勵村民是因為愚公意志堅強，工作努力。故選 A。

4

邏輯推理題

邏輯推理題為重點題型，一般占到閱讀理解題的 30% 左右，著重考察學生的邏輯判斷、歸納概括等能力。

這類題型要求考生縱觀全文，在對全文有把握的基礎上進行正確的邏輯推理，判斷事件的前因后果，人物的性格和動機等，需要通讀全文后根據關鍵的信息來分析判斷。

解答此類題型要注意兩點：一是與原文相同的細節不能選，二是文章沒有的信息不能跳出原文做判斷，在此基礎上結合文章的細節做出判斷即可。

此外，除非文章中作者的觀點比較絕對，否則選項中出現絕對化的形容詞要立即排出。(none，must，only，never，all)

2021 年深圳中考真題

In 2009, the city-level government investedover 1 million yuan ($152, 723) to change the village's exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations.After 10 years, the village was called "National Forest Village".

14. When was Shashiyu called "National Forest Village"?A. In 2009.B. In 2004.C. In 2015.D. In 2019.

笞案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據文中“In 2009, the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan ($152, 723) to change the villages exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations. After 10 years, the village was called “National Forest Village”. 可推理出，沙石峪在 2019 年被稱“國家森林村”。故選 D。

5

代詞指代題

代詞指代題要求考生根據一定的語境推測代詞所指代的內容，屬于理解類題目，難度可大可小。常考的標志詞有:it,that,this,one,these,those等。

名詞、名詞性短語或句子

解這類題時，同學們可以根據語境在代詞所在句或上文中尋找代詞所指代的，然后將其替換至代詞所在的句子中，看句意是否符合上下文邏輯、語法是否正確。

2022 年深圳中考沖刺題

Those

Some other things I would do at recess were chess andpaper cutting.might be worth trying. Maybe the teacher who is watching overall the kids needs someone to talk to as well. Whatever you want to do, don't let yourtime go to waste.

2. What does the underlined word "those" refer to?

A.New friends.

B.Chess and paper cutting.

C.Teachers.

D.Books.

答案：B

解析：代詞指代題。根據劃線單詞前的內客"Some other things I would do at recess were chess and paper cutting."可知those指代國際象棋和剪紙，故選"Chess and paper cutting." 故選 B。

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